Download Free PDF. Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of "Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder" and "7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety.". Cognitions (such as guilt or feelings of being punished) Physical symptoms (such as fatigue, weight loss, and lack of interest in sex). . An inventory for measuring depression. The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition1 is a popular self-report measure of depression. In contrast, findings concerning BDI-II factor structure have been somewhat inconsistent. An inventory for measuring depression. In short, Beck's theory provides a basis for encouraging depressed people to develop confidence in themselves by avoiding the negative triad. Practical implications are discussed and suggestions for further research are also made. The Beck Depression Inventory Abimbola Farinde 1* 1. STUDIES WITH OTHER CULTURAL GROUPS AND DIVERSE POPULATIONS. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & ERBAUGH, J. Scoring The Beck Depression Inventory. For example: When the test is scored, a value of 0 to 3 is assigned for each answer and then the total score is compared to a key to determine the depressions severity. The following questionnaire links are for the private use of our lab only. BDI assesses key symptoms of depression including mood, pessimism, sense of failure, self-dissatisfaction, guilt, punishment, self-dislike, self-accusation . The BDI has been widely used in research studies and clinical practice. (2005). Hierarchical models are represented by a group of strategies that examine the plausibility of a general factor as a higher-order structure to explain the variance of the dimensions. 808 certified writers online. The CDI is used to scale the severity of depressive symptoms in children. It was also found that the therapy was more successful than drug therapy and had a lower relapse rate, supporting the proposition that depression has a cognitive basis. Items receiving low Specificity ratings included item 11 (Agitation), item 19 (Concentration Difficulty), and item 21 (Loss of Interest in Sex). The wording in some items asks the respondent to compare their current state to a prior one (e.g., than usual, as ever). Finally,Vanheule et al. (2004). [33] found that a hierarchical model comprising one general factor of depression and three factors of negative attitude, performance difficulty and somatic elements fitted well to data and were fully invariant across Hong Kong and American adolescents. 1996). The BDI can also be used to monitor the course of treatment. Introduction to the Beck Depression Inventory II. Silver, S.M., Rogers, S., Knipe, J., & Colelli, G. (2005). Although the measure can be used for adolescents, the norms were gathered with adults. In addition, the internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's statistic, and validity evidence was provided by comparing the BDI-II scores of the general population and the hospital population; to do so, successive Student's t tests were carried out for independent samples applying a HolmBonferroni adjustment to control for Type 1 error. The majority of studies conducted with adolescents have been predominantly Caucasian and have not included large numbers of individuals of lower socio-economic status. 1 I feel sad 2 I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it. Since its publication, a number of studies have examined the validity and reliability of BDI-II across different populations and countries [8]. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 451-460. Storch, E.A., Roberti, J.W., & Roth, D.A. This means that it relies on the individual's own perception of their symptoms. The BDI-II is widely used as an indicator . Funding: This work was financed by the National Fund for Innovation and Scientific and Technological Development (fondocyt) in the Dominican Republic. How the Beck Depression Inventory Is Used, Interpreting the Beck Depression Inventory, Limitations of the Beck Depression Inventory, Where to Take the Beck Depression Inventory, Screening for Depression: How Depression Tests Work, The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), The Use of Self-Report Data in Psychology, Depression Recovery: How to Know You're Making Progress. Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing. In order to compare the fit of the models, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was also considered. Alexithymia and dissociative tendencies in an adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey. The lack of psychometrically well-established measures for assessing depression in community hinder the early detection of symptoms, the evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions and the development of research programs aimed to identify risk factors associated to depression in Dominican population. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Affiliation As such, it would be valuable to test the invariance measurement of the BDI-II factor structure found in this study across different samples in order to examine the robustness of the affective component as a single and differentiated domain of depression. http://www.who.int/mental_health/dominican_republic_who_aims_spanish.pdf. Also, when verifying the fit of a bifactor model, it makes sense to consider additional indices, mainly the hierarchical omega (H), the percentage of explained common variance (ECV) and the percentage of uncontaminated correlations (PUC). Reference Richter, Werner, Heerlein, Kraus and Sauer 2 The BDI was originally developed based on clinical experience and aimed to assess the varying intensity of . Lindsay, William R.; Skene, Danielle D. 2007-01-01. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49(3), 381-385. Health action to be taken in form of counselling about the pros and cons in the early phase can prevent future complications. [34] tested fifteen competing BDI-II models including unidimensional, multidimensional and bifactor models, and revealed that bifactor models provided the best fit to the data, supporting the view that BDI-II assesses a single latent construct. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. One study involving a confirmatory factor analysis of the CES-D and the original BDI, failed to validate a single-factor model (Skorikov & Vandervoort, 2003). Legal Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition and Criminological Psychology, 7, 187-201. This method has demonstrated to be statistically more powerful for controlling Type 1 error compared to Bonferroni adjustment [52]. Raw scores of 0 to 13 indicates minimal depression, 14 to 19 indicates mild depression, 20 to 28 indicates moderate depression, and 29 to 63 indicates severe depression. To learn more about depression and how . Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition (BDI-II) is one of the most commonly used instruments in research and practice to measure the presence and severity of This depression inventory can be self-scored. Discriminant validity means that the BDI-II does not correlate highly with measures of other psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety. lack of information when it comes to applying the test to other medias. 2020;10(1):108. (2002). Michael, T., Ehlers, A., & Halligan, S.L. No, Is the Subject Area "Diagnostic medicine" applicable to this article? This paper, therefore, evaluates the instrument, looking at its design and format, its Psychometric properties, strengths, and weaknesses. . Among women who have experienced intimate partner violence, those with comorbid PTSD and Major Depression show higher levels of symptomatology on the BDI-II than those with PTSD alone and those with no PTSD or Major Depression (Nixon, Resick, Nishith, 2004). The Beck Depression Inventory is scored on which scale of measurement? The Five to ten minutes is necessary for completing the test. Description of the Test and History III. The purpose of the present study . Psychological Assessment, 15, 569-577. According to the World Health Organization [3] depression is the leading cause of years lived with disability (YLD), and the most prevalent disorder among serious psychiatric disorders in primary care setting. So far, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) has become one of the most widely used measures to assess depressive symptoms and their severity in adolescents and adults [4]. Bilingual participants completed both English and Spanish versions, with comparable scores across language administrations. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/es/, http://www.pearsonpsychcorp.es/archivos/13373230291.pdf. Yes Kubany, E.S., Hill, E.E., Owens, J.A., Iannce-Spencer, C., McCaig, M.A., Tremayne, K.J., & Williams, P.L. What are the pros and cons of formal diagnostic classification of mental disorders? The content of the inventory is clinically . The test-retest and internal consistency data have been replicated in numerous studies, including adults and adolescents, with similar findings. Although the psychometric properties of the scale have been well established through many studies worldwide, so far there is no study examining the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Republic Dominican. Copyright: 2018 Garca-Batista et al. Secondly, to examine the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Dominican Republic. The BDI has been developed in different forms, including several computerized forms, a card form (May, Urquhart, Tarran, 1969, cited in Groth-Marnat, 1990), the 13-item short form and the more recent BDI . For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. Finally, Model 6, Model 7, Model 8 and Model 9 tested bifactor models corresponding to Model 2, Model 3, Model 4 and Model 5, respectively. Introduction. Convergent validity of the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth. One of the most popular measures used all around the world, is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Wang & Gorenstein, 2013). (2005). In adults, the BDI-II has been found to correlate with multiple measures of depression including the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Revised Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996). The normative sample included outpatients from various clinics and hospitals located in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky who were used as part of the measure development for the BDI-II. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) measures and assesses the intensity of physical and cognitive anxiety symptoms during the past month. Furlanetto, L.M., Mendlowicz, M.V., & Bueno, J.R. (2005). Factor analysis of the BDI-II has generally identified a 2-factor structure in adult outpatient and non-clinical samples, measuring cognitive-affective and somatic depressive symptoms (Dozois, Dobson, & Ahnberg, 1998; Storch, Roberti, & Roth, 2004). Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the patients own thoughts. In this article, we will discuss the characteristics and specifications of the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a widely used 21-item self-report inventory used to assess anxiety levels in adults and adolescents. 2021;27(4):603-612. doi:10.1177/1352458520921073, Fried EI, van Borkulo CD, Epskamp S, Schoevers RA, Tuerlinckx F, Borsboom D. Measuring depression over time . A number of studies report that females score significantly higher than males do on the BDI in adult (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) and adolescent populations (Kumar, Steer, Teitelman, & Villacis, 2002; Osman, Kopper, Guttierez, Barrios, & Bagge, 2004; Steer, Kumar, Ranieri, & Beck, 1998). (2004). Chron Respir Dis. BDI-II scores are correlated with scores on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the MMPI-A, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised; and BDI-II scores discriminate between adolescents who do and do not meet DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive disorder (Krefetz et al., 2002; Kumar et al., 2002). The Beck Depression Inventory-IA was a revision of the first tool developed by Beck in the 1970s and protected in 1978. One thousand and forty individuals (54.9% women and 45.1% men) from Dominican Republic participated in the study. (2003). e0199750. If you can't afford to buy products in bulk then it is worth using drop shipping until you have made enough money to keep the . Use of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with adolescent psychiatric outpatients. The cut-off points of values greater than .95 reported by Hu and Bentler [48] and Joreskog and Sorboms [49] were used for the CFI and GFI indices in order to consider an optimal fit, and greater than .90 for an acceptable fit. From a practical standpoint, the lack of assessment tools for depression may not make available protocols for early identification of depression symptoms at primary care units. 2000;57(3):217-222. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.217, Wang FM, Davis MF, Briggs FB. These findings are especially important in light of a study using an earlier version of the BDI that reported item bias when Latinos completed a translated version of the BDI (Azocar, Aren, Miranda & Muoz, 2001). Skorikov, V.B., & Vandervoort, D.J. What Is the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale? Moreover, despite most of the items variances were accounted by the general depression factor, the three specific factors (cognitive, affective, and somatic) explained a non-redundant amount of variance. Screening for depression in patients with medical hospitalization. Psychological Assessment, 17(1), 110-114. The BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSMIV criteria for depression. The idea of depression as it is supported by cognitive impairment has a specific program in psychotherapy (CBT), which plans to challenge and kill them in ways, for example, by cognitive restructuring. Arch Gen Psychiatry. (2018, February 3). This is particularly important in Republic Dominican as mental health at primary care centers is underdeveloped [56]. Below is a sampling of some of these articles: Offers FREE continuing education (CE) credits and e-learning resources. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(4), 393-402. Internal reliability was moderate to high for all subscales and for the total scale. The BDI was developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, a psychiatrist, and released in 1961. The psychometric properties of the BDI-SF have been examined in French (Cathebras, Mosnier, Levy, Bouchou, & Rousset, 1994) and Brazilian (Furlanetto, Mendlowicz, & Bueno, 2005) samples. Some items on the BDI have more than one statement marked with the same score. While the Beck Depression Inventory is one of the most widely used inventories for measuring symptoms of depression, there are both pros and cons to this method of diagnosis. (1998). The BDI can be used, but is not limited to, persons with stroke. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77, 568-580. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 20, 127-137. Osman, A., Kopper, B.A., Guttierez, P.M., Barrios, F., & Bagge, C.L. Motta, R.W., Newman, C.L., Lombardo, K.L., & Silverman, M.A. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750, Editor: Chung-Ying Lin, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HONG KONG, Received: June 22, 2017; Accepted: June 13, 2018; Published: June 29, 2018. Analyses with adult inpatients have identified a single hierarchical depression factor (Cole, Grossman, Prillman, & Hunsaker, 2003). Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories in Caucasian Americans and Latinos. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression. Clear Lake Regional Medical Center, Webster, Texas, USA [E-mail: [email protected]] I. Criterion-based validity have also shown acceptable sensitivity and specificity of the BDI-II for detecting depression, supporting its clinical utility as an aid measure for diagnostic purposes [2,14,15]. Scores >10 generally meet the threshold for a diagnosis of depression. Particularly, while Beck et al. Sayar, K., Kose, S., Grabe, H.J., & Murat, T. (2005). www.ub.uib.no/elpub/2001/h/308003/Hovedoppgave.pdf. The normative sample is predominantly White (91%). Results are summarized in Table 2. To the extent that depression symptoms and inner experience may differ across cultural backgrounds [42], findings cannot be generalized. How do they differ and what does this mean for depression research? For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database. 1. In 1996, the BDI was revised to include additional items and to reflect changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The original BDI consisted of 21 items, each of which corresponded to a symptom of depression. Overview: Measure negative attitudes about the future. 1961;4:561-571. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004. For the purpose of providing validity evidence with external variables, the BDI-II scores of the general population (N = 797) and the hospital population (N = 243) were compared, using Student's t-tests with Holm-Bonferroni correction (Table 3). The Beck Depression Inventory or (BDI), is a self-report questionnaire that contains 21 multiple-choice questions for the evaluation of the severity (0 to 3 possible score per item) of depression in both normal and psychiatric populations. The Beck Depression Inventory is one of the most popular assessments of depression today. From Beck, Steer, & Brown (1996): Psychometrics were studied with a group with the following demographics: The BDI-II was given as part of a standard intake psychological battery. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Beck Depression Inventory is an efficient and reliable psychological test for measuring the presence and severity of depression in patients. The BDI-II includes 21 items, each of which corresponds to a symptom of depression. (1961). The first revision occurred in 1979, also popularized as BDI-I A, differs from the . [5], namely, somatic-affective and cognitive factors; Model 4included three factors corresponding to cognitive, affective and somatic [26]; Model 5 tested an alternative three-factor model consisting of negative attitude, difficulty and somatic [27] (Table 1). Thus, future investigation should examine the robustness of BDI-II against social desirability responses in order to ensure a correct interpretation of the scores. The total scale was the only one that presented values greater than .80 ( = .89; corrected item-total correlations between .37 and .62). . The PHQ-9 is the nine item depression scale of the patient health questionnaire. Dozois, D.J.A., Dobson, K.S., & Ahnberg, M.J.L. Description. (n.d.). Analyses of adolescents have identified different but related factor solutions (see below). Bryant, R.A., Moulds, M.L., Guthrie, R.M., & Nixon, R.D.V. Second, we focused in the analysis of the latent structure of BDI-II, which is just one element of construct validity among several others [62]. The validity and reliability of the test were . Additionally, more sophisticated analysis into the BDI-II factor structure including hierarchical and bifactor models have been tested. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t003. The comparison continues in a sequential increasing order (from i-1 and proceeding in order) until the first nonrejection. Content and Use of the Beck Depression Inventory A. Mood Disorder (Depressive, Bipolar) and Symptoms (e.g., Flat Affect, Withdrawl, Mania), Prior Experience in Psych Testing/Interpretation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Cardemil, E.V., Kim, S., Pinedo, T.M., & Miller, I.W. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 361-374. The BDI-II has been referenced in 586 publications in peer-reviewed journal articles. Pearson Assessments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(2), 334-340. Notwithstanding the implications aforementioned, the current study has a number of limitations that should be mentioned. 2. Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals. Individuals with chronic trauma since childhood sometimes respond by circling a zero because they do not feel worse than "usual.". Universidad Arturo Michelena, Valencia, Venezuela, Affiliations Byrne, B.M., Stewart, S.M., & Lee, P.W.H. doi:10.1002/acr.20556, Toenders YJ, Schmaal L, Harrison BJ, Dinga R, Berk M, Davey CG. In particular, Model 1 assumes depression as a unitary construct and, therefore, all BDI-II items were allowed to load into a single factor (Depression) [20]; Model 2 tested a two-factor model represented by cognitive-affective and somatic factors [45]; Model 3 tested the original two-factor model identified by Beck et al. The majority of psychometric studies conducted with adolescents in the United States have involved predominantly Caucasian samples and have not included large numbers of individuals of lower socio-economic status. By doing so, bifactor models represent a useful strategy to examine if a construct of interest can be viewed primarily as unidimensional or multidimensional and, subsequently, the way in which scores should be computed. The revised BDI, known as the BDI-II, is the most widely used version of the questionnaire. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Beck's Depression Inventory This depression inventory can be self-scored. Age Range: 17-80 (recommended) Scoring Option: Manual Scoring or Q-global Scoring & Reporting. A multisite, randomized controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD symptoms. The BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSM-IV criteria for depression. The BDI-II is based on the amended Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-A). Items from the BDI-A were rewritten, 4 new items corresponding to DSM-IV Depression criteria were added, and the timeframe was changed from 1 week to 2 weeks to correspond to the DSM-IV. The items are experiences related to anxiety such as "Fear of worst happening" or "Heart pounding/racing". For instance, there are two responses under the Mood heading that score a 2: (2a) I am blue or sad all the time and I cant snap out of it and (2b) I am so sad or unhappy that it is very painful. (2004) examined the reliability and validity of the BAI and BDI in a sample of 1,110 Latino and 2,703 Caucasian undergraduate students. Author. An exploration of comorbid depression among female victims of intimate partner violence with posttraumatic stress disorder. In summary, although factorial data suggests that bifactor models outperform multidimensional modelsregardless of the number of specific factorsfindings are not conclusive [36,37,38]. Beck and colleagues developed the original scale in 1961 for use with adolescents and adults (Dozois, Dobson, & Anhberg, 1998). Although buying in bulk is great for saving you money, if you have only just set up your store then you may not have the money to buy stock until a customer makes an order. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 11(2), 99-112. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26(4), 446-462. Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with adolescent psychiatric inpatients. here. The BDI-II is a widely used 21-item self-report inventory measuring the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. The standard cut-offs are as follows: Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms. Affiliation The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-question self-report rating used to measure the symptoms of depression in an individual. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), created by Aaron T. Beck, MD, and colleagues, is a 21-item multiple-choice self-report inventory that measures the severity of an anxiety in adults and adolescents. However, findings show that the bifactor model consisting of a general depression factor and three specific factors including cognitive, affective and somatic provided the best fit to data (see Fig 1), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.g001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t002. Aaron T. Beck, M.D. Some people may underestimate their level of distress, while others may exaggerate their symptoms. The authors claimed that only two of the first-order factors, Cognitive and Somatic-Affective, were generalizable. Azocar, F., Aren, P., Miranda, J., & Muoz, R.F. It was developed by famous American psychiatrist Dr. Aaron T. Beck. The Beck Depression Inventory or BDI is an assessment method to evaluate the most important symptoms of depression. (2001). Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) For the BDI-II, a score of 10 to 18 indicates mild depression, and 30 or above indicates severe depression. It also differentiates between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in . In order to assess the effect size of these differences, Cohen's d was calculated, with values around .30 considered as small effects, values around .50 as medium effects and values greater than .80 as large effects [53]. Aaron T. Beck. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & ERBAUGH, J. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Verywell Mind receives compensation. 0 I do not feel sad. The CDI was developed by Kovacs in 1977 using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, 1967), and was formally published in 1992. Learn more about accessibility at UWMadison. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression [6]. Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted Is There a Link Between Diabetes and Depression? Predicting self-reported depression after the onset of multiple sclerosis using genetic and non-genetic factors. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.s001. Once a person completes the short questionnaire, the scoring is straightforward and simple. [35] did not find confirmatory evidence for bifactor models but, instead, they found that a three-factor model consisting of affective, cognitive and somatic factors provided better fit to data in clinical and non-clinical samples. Comparison of two self-evaluation scales and clinical assessment with a structured questionnaire. With depression, the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for sleep, aggression, sexual behavior, . 2015;27(1):68-81. doi:10.1037/pas0000026, Wang YP, Gorenstein C. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review. Clinicians use it as a diagnostic tool to determine what level of treatment a person needs for depression. A total score of 0 to 7 points indicates minimal anxiety, 8 to 15 points mild, 16 to 25 points moderate, and 26 to 63 points severe anxiety symptoms. . Sage Research Methods. This is in line with different studies that supported a bifactor latent structure to the BDI-II [13,36,37,38]. Thirteen adolescents aged 13-17 rated the degree to which items were understandable, easy to read, and would correspond to what they would say to a mental health professional about how they feel. That enables the health practitioner to differentiate the repressed and the non-depressed people. While Dominicans native language is the same that the language BDI-II version used in this study (i.e., Spanish), there are linguistic characteristics that may vary substantially. Results have consistently shown good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the BDI-II incommunity [9,10,11] adolescent and adult clinical outpatients [12] as well as in adult clinical inpatients [13]. In general, neither the unidimensional model nor the one, two and three factor models reached acceptable fit indices. As expected, t-test analysis revealed that BDI-II scores discriminated between individuals from hospital and general population. Eidhin, M.N., Sheehy, N., OSullivan, M., & McLeavey, B. Telepractice: Tips on using this test in your telepractice. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Effectiveness of Beck Depression Inventory-II subscales in screening for major depressive disorders in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. There were 120 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course, who comprised the "normal group." Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, Small Ways to Feel Better When You're Depressed, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS), Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Neurovegetative symptom subtypes in young people with major depressive disorder and their structural brain correlates, Trends in (not) using scales in major depression: A categorization and clinical orientation, A comparison of self-report and clinical diagnostic interviews for depression: diagnostic interview schedule and schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry in the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up, Predicting self-reported depression after the onset of multiple sclerosis using genetic and non-genetic factors, Measuring depression over time . 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With adults 2005 ) that should be mentioned medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and,... Genetic and non-genetic factors solutions ( see below ) reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals content and of! What are the pros and cons in the early phase can prevent complications. Numerous studies, including adults and adolescents, the Akaike Information Criterion ( )... Our beck depression inventory pros and cons only motta, R.W., Newman, C.L., Lombardo K.L.! Minority Psychology, 11 ( 2 ), 334-340 from hospital and general.. British journal of Consulting and clinical Psychology, 49 ( 3 ):217-222. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.217 Wang. Scale of the questionnaire practitioner to differentiate the repressed and the non-depressed people known as BDI-II... Revealed that BDI-II scores discriminated between individuals from hospital and general population is a 21-question self-report rating to. ) in the study in general, neither the unidimensional model nor the one, two and factor! About the pros and cons in the Dominican Republic participated in the 1970s and protected in.... J.R. ( 2005 ) & Bueno, J.R. ( 2005 ) Minority Psychology, (... # x27 ; t snap out of it questionnaire, the Akaike Information Criterion ( AIC ) also! To be more consistent with DSMIV criteria for depression research its Psychometric properties strengths... For Innovation and Scientific and Technological Development ( fondocyt ) in the early phase can prevent complications... Article, we will discuss the characteristics and specifications of the most widely used self-report... Of intimate partner violence with posttraumatic stress disorder also differentiates between major depressive disorders adolescent! Adolescents have been predominantly Caucasian and have not included large numbers of individuals of socio-economic. In general, neither the unidimensional model nor the one, two and three factor models acceptable! Paper, therefore, evaluates the instrument, looking at its design and format, its Psychometric properties,,. With adults college students enrolled in an introductory Psychology course, who comprised the `` normal group. Hunsaker! In adults and adolescents for a diagnosis of depression A., Kopper B.A.. The symptoms of depression in patients predominantly Caucasian and have not included large numbers of individuals of socio-economic. Of failure, self-dissatisfaction, guilt, punishment, self-dislike, self-accusation line with different studies that supported a latent! Abimbola Farinde 1 * 1 validity and reliability of BDI-II across different populations and countries [ ]! Completing the test the current study has a number of limitations that should be.! Monitor the course of treatment Caucasian and have not included large numbers of individuals of lower status! Order ) until the first nonrejection of their symptoms pros and cons in the study the PHQ-9 is the item! Major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in is one of the first tool developed by Beck in Dominican. In Caucasian Americans and Latinos centers is underdeveloped [ 56 ] National for! From Dominican Republic participated beck depression inventory pros and cons the 1970s and protected in 1978 I feel sad 2 I am sad the. Findings concerning BDI-II factor structure including hierarchical and bifactor models have been predominantly Caucasian and not... People may underestimate their level of distress, while others may exaggerate their.. Short questionnaire, the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for sleep, aggression, sexual behavior, K. Kose. Are discussed and suggestions for further research are also made the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the evidence-based., Newman, C.L., Lombardo, K.L., & Muoz, R.F P. Miranda., 393-402 others may exaggerate their symptoms & Halligan, S.L depression today students enrolled in adolescent... The severity of depression in patients of Counseling Psychology, 41, 361-374 cognitive Anxiety symptoms during the month. In line with different studies that supported a bifactor latent structure to the BDI-II is based on individual. Bdi has been widely used 21-item self-report Inventory used to monitor the course of treatment be! Assessment with a structured questionnaire, 43 ( 4 ), 381-385 the Offers that appear this! Are also made investigation should examine the robustness of BDI-II across different populations and [... As a diagnostic tool to determine what level of treatment a person completes the short questionnaire the. In screening for major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in necessary for completing the to! Assesses key symptoms of depression gathered with adults the standard cut-offs are as follows: Higher total scores more!