The upper Indus Basin includes Punjab; the lower Indus Basin begins at the Panjnad River (the confluence of the eastern tributaries of the Indus) and extends south to the coast. So desert plants typically have tiny, waxy leaves. The soils are generally infertile and, because of severe wind erosion, are overblown with sand. This is an extensive area of 347,190km2 with a number of distinct natural topographical and drainage features that can be identified as follows: The Sindh . They include both shifting sandy soils and clayey floodplain soils. Light rains often evaporate in the dry air, never reaching the ground. The small city of Quetta was almost completely destroyed, and the adjacent military cantonment was heavily damaged. The third major desert in Pakistan is the Thal Desert. In February every year, a Desert Festival is conducted in the city of Jaisalmer. The major soil groupings are Indus basin soils, mountain soils, and sandy desert soils. The two highest peaks in the Tien Shan are Victory Peak, which stands at 7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tngiri Peak, which stands at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). Pakistan is one of the few countries in the world that has all regions. Thar Desert, also called Great Indian Desert, arid region of rolling sand hills on the Indian subcontinent. Fennec fox communities work together to dig large burrows, some as large as 93 square meters (1,000 square feet). Rajasthan, India: Thar Desert vegetation Which plateau lies between the Aravalis and the Vindhya range? And in Pakistan, the Saudi charity distributed 1650 food parcels in several areas of Sindh province, Pakistan, benefiting 11,550 people. Some desert vultures urinate on their own legs, cooling them by evaporation.Many desert animals have developed ingenious ways of getting the water they need. Lake Chad is a source of freshwater for four countries on the edge of the Sahara Desert: Chad, Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria. Mountain ranges Spas ring the Dead Sea, a saline lake in the Judean Desert of Israel and Jordan. Source: The Hindu Context: An intensive study of Earth's deep interior, based on the behaviour of seismic waves from large earthquakes, confirmed the existence of a distinct structure inside our planet's inner core - a hot innermost solid ball of iron and nickel about 800 miles (1,350 km) wide. The summit is oriented towards the direction where the prevailing winds travel (Types of dunes, 2017, page 33). an hour ago. They are long crests of sand that form more or less parallel to the prevailing wind and where the supply of sand is limited (Araucania geological routes, 2017). The name Indus comes from the Sanskrit word "sindhu", meaning "ocean", from which also come the words Sindh, Hindu, and India. 1. These soils are medium to fine in texture, have low organic content, and are highly productive under conditions of irrigation and fertilization. Thermal power-generating plants, fueled by coal and oil, supply power only locally in the large towns. The khajri (or khejri) tree (Prosopis cineraria) grows throughout the plains. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Pakistan is located in between four countries and the border of Pakistan touches China, India, Afghanistan, Iran. As a result, wind and water erode the nutrient-rich topsoil. They are the consequence of winds of variable direction and great amount of sand. The Northern and North-Western Mountains 2. In other cases, the plains are covered with snow. This spacing gives some desert regions a desolate appearance.In some deserts, plants have unique leaves to capture sunlight for photosynthesis, the process plants use to make food. These spinning columns of dirt can rise hundreds of feet in the air. A thick accumulation of lime often occurs at varying depths. The Indus basin soils are mostly thick alluvium deposited by rivers and are of recent origin. Gobi desert. Rapidly expanding populations in California, Nevada, and Arizona have compounded the problem. Apart from wells and tanks, canals are the main sources of water in the desert. Among those the Tharparkar breed is the highest yielder of milk, and the Kankre breed is good both as a beast of burden and as a milk producer. Nara and Tharparker Deserts 15. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: Antarctic Desert (13,829,430) Arctic Desert (13,726,937) Sahara (9,065,253) Arabian Desert (2,300,000) Australian desert (1,371,000) Gobi Desert (1,300,000) Kalahari Desert (930,000) Patagonian Desert (670,000) Desert of Syria (409,000) Chihuahua Desert (362,600) Desert relief features A thunderstorm can send a fast-moving torrent of watera flash flooddown a dry arroyo. As for the desert fauna, there are few animal species adapted to this extreme biome. Massive inselbergs, or isolated rock masses, often dot otherwise featureless desert plains. The region surrounding Quetta is highly prone to earthquakes. Global warming is the most current instance of climate change. The major soil groupings are Indus basin soils, mountain soils, and sandy desert soils. Rainstorms sometimes come as violent cloudbursts. Long-sleeved, full-length, and often white, these robes shield all but the head and hands from the wind, sand, heat, and cold. Pakistan lies between latitudes 24 and 37 degrees . People, animals, and plants all surround these oases, which provide stable access to water, food, and shelter.When groundwater doesnt seep to the surface, people often drill into the ground to get to it. They include:-. A desert tortoises thick shell insulates the animal and reduces water loss. (16 of 7 of 2017). Pakistan is an amazing country for tourism in every aspect. Agreements that were made in the early 20th century failed to account for Native American water rights. Such a surface is called a desert flat or llano. Unlike what we generally presume about a desert, Thal isnt a barren wasteland at all. The Cholistan desert spans an area of 16,000 square kilometers. A fertile green area called an oasis, or cienega, may exist near such a water source. Shaded relief map shows landscape features, such as mountains, valleys and plateaus. Sunsets on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. state of Florida, for example, can be tinted yellow.First-time visitors to deserts are often amazed by the unusual landscapes, which may include dunes, towering bare peaks, flat-topped rock formations, and smoothly polished canyons. On the hills, gum arabic acacia and euphorbia may be found. Tiny, high windows let in only a little light and helped keep out dust and sand. They look like tiny tornadoes, but they start on the ground rather than in the sky. Since the 1960s, Lake Chad has shrunk to half its size. About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining 15% is in Pakistan. The desert extends over a length of 305km and has a width varying from 32km to as . The thorny devil, a lizard that lives in the Australian Outback, has a system of tiny grooves and channels on its body that lead to its mouth. Pakistans soils are classified as pedocals, which comprise a dry soil group with high concentrations of calcium carbonate and a low content of organic matter; they are characteristic of a land with low and erratic precipitation. This whirling column of hot air picks up dust and dirt. By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. Topography of Pakistan: It means the study of surface features of land, both natural and artificial features. What are the relief features that are found in the Northern plains? It has height up to of 4712 metres. Which landform feature was a part of Gondwana land? They are places that were once lakes or salty ponds of shallow depth that by the intensity of the sun, the water evaporates leaving only salt in the bottom. It is believed that the Salt Range was founded by the horses of Alexander the Great's army.The average altitude of Potohar platue is 300m-600m. The prevailing southwest monsoon winds that bring rain to much of the subcontinent in summer tend to bypass the Thar to the east. Sheep and cattle have reduced the native vegetation in Patagonia, causing loss of valuable topsoil. Deserts In Pakistan Deserts: 1. About 90 major, inhabited oases dot the Sahara. The reason is inadequate management and inappropriate consumption. The two highest peaks in the Tien Shan are Victory Peak, which stands at 7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tngiri Peak, which stands at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). It has a total area of 175,000 square kilometers that covers the major areas of Pakistan and India. Tent walls are made of thick, sturdy cloth that can keep out sand and dust, but also allow cool breezes to blow through. TheKharan Desert is asandyand mountainousdesertsituated inBaluchistanin south-westernPakistan. They are bounded to the north-west by the Hindu Kush mountain range and to the north by the Karakoram. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The Muslim League and Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Political decline and bureaucratic ascendancy, The first administration of Benazir Bhutto, The second administration of Benazir Bhutto, The second administration of Nawaz Sharif, Continuing challenges: conflict, a stalled economy, and nuclear tests, Growing unrest, tension with the military, and Sharifs ouster, Relations with the United States, consolidation of Musharrafs rule, and meetings with India, U.S. drone strikes, floods of 2010, and religious tensions, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz. A flash flood like this can sweep away anything and anyone in its path. Nanoclay keeps the sand moist, clumping it together and preventing it from blowing away.Deserts Get HotterRising temperatures can have huge effects on fragile desert ecosystems. So yes, these are the physical geography features of our country. Sometimes, rock is carved into tablelike formations such as mesas and buttes. In countries like Yemen, artificial wadis can carry enough water for whitewater rafting trips during certain times of the year.When deserts and water supplies cross state and national borders, people often fight over water rights. The resulting cooler, drier air mass moves away from the Equator. Plains 3. There is a great variety of classification of dunes according to the color of the sand, the direction of the wind, the type of sediment, etc. The Thar Region forms part of the bigger desert of the same name that sprawls over a vast area of Pakistan and India from Cholistan to Nagarparkar in Pakistan and from the south of the Haryana down to Rajasthan in India. Air blowing toward shore, chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Some areas of the Atacama are often covered by fog. The desert boasts some incredibly distinct natural features. It has also spread into India. In broad valleys a surface of low relief and gentle downward slope occurs between the playa and other alluvial fans of the mountain front. 'y~q4[{z#u!! Interior deserts are sometimes called inland deserts.The Gobi Desert, in China and Mongolia, lies hundreds of kilometers from the ocean. In some deserts, temperatures rise so high that people are at risk of dehydration and even death. It is the seventeenth largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. Cholistan desert hosts an annual Jeep rally, known asCholistan Desert Jeep Rallywhich is the biggest motor sports event in Pakistan. It is elongated and almost straight with abundant sand. They are geographic features of the desert (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 20) that are constructed by the wind (George, 2007, p.195) with soft, uniform layers. The plain is the western part of the Northern Plain in Pakistan formed by the Indus River and its tributaries. "We have examined the interim applications which have now been filed by various group of companies for recalling of the order dated November 7, 2022, pursuant to which we consciously recalled our . Deserts are arid terrestrial areas characterized by scarce rainfall with scarce vegetation and fauna. The Himalayas stretch continuously for about 2500km from east to west. It has also spread into India. Small pores in the leaves, called stomata, take in carbon dioxide. Coastal areas, The Salt Range is a hill system in the Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. Balochistan is located at the eastern edge of the Iranian plateau and in the border region between Southwest, Central, and South Asia. By using this website or by closing this dialog you agree with the conditions described. Lowest point: Sea level The desert is widely known for its extremely arid climatic conditions. The semi-arid region of the Thar Desert is called "Bagar". What is the influence of the Himalayas on Indian Agriculture? [7] Groundwater comes from rain or other precipitation, like snow or hail. In fact, it gets covered with lush green vegetation during February and March as the local farmers use the desert land for the cultivation of green chickpeas. The hard, flat surface of desert salt flats are often ideal for car racing. The desert is also the home of the endangered great bustard. Abstract. It is bordered by Iran and Afghanistan on the west; China on the north; the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir on the northeast; India on the east; and the Arabian Sea on the south. The booming desert communities of Las Vegas, Nevada, and Californias Inland Empire are using water faster than the aquifer is being refilled. In 2011, Jeddah was struck by a sudden thunderstorm and flash flood. The Sindh government, led by the Pakistan People's Party, had previously claimed that there had been an improvement in the situation in Thar, while, simultaneously, members of the same party denied that hunger and malnutrition had anything to do with the death of hundreds of infants. Famous deserts of Pakistan, Pakistan is a country located in South Asia and occupies a total area of 827,913 square kilometres, making it the sixth-largest country in the world.It also has an estimated population of 207 million. Some geographers designate Plateau as to the west of the imaginary southwest line; and the Indus Plain lies to the east of that line. The Sukkur Barrage on the Indus River, completed in 1932, irrigates the southern Thar region in Pakistan by means of canals, and the Gang Canal carries water from the Sutlej River to the northwest. Syllabus: Geography - Physical Geography of the world.. When the air moves over the mountaintop and begins to descend the leeward slopes, there is little moisture left. The desert spans an area of square kilometers and is surrounded by northwestern scrub forests. Much of Pakistan's land area comprises either deserts or mountains. The plants soak up water quickly and store it in their cells. The relief in the area is remarkable due to its sharp contrasts and the multitude and variability of the morphological elements. As it approaches the tropics, the air descends and warms up again. Precipitation throughout the country generally is erratic, and its volume is highly variable. The islands central plateau is now a barren desert.Rapid population growth also can lead to overuse of resources, killing plant life and depleting nutrients from the soil. . Halfway there, an enormous sandstorm swallowed the entire group. Archaeologists in the Sahara have been unsuccessfully looking for the Lost Army of Cambyses ever since.Water in the DesertRain is usually the main source of water in a desert, but it falls very rarely. Reptiles such as desert iguanas, snakes or chameleons are often found in this type of landscape, but we can also find coyotes, kangaroos, camels, vultures, tarantulas, rats, coyotes and scorpions. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Foxes, coyotes, rats, and rabbits are all nocturnal desert mammals. Over time, the Ghaggar changed course and now only flows during the rainy monsoon season. Indian Relief Features The Great Himalayas The Himalayas are a group of geologically young and structurally fold mountains that extend past the northernmost limits of India. They are important in forming the monsoon type of climate in India. Relief features are not any pattern of drainage where water channels are available. Often associated with intense sun and sand, however, they can also be cold. Flat areas are smooth on the map, areas with steep slopes and mountains appear more rough. At night, these areas cool quickly because they lack the insulation provided by humidity and clouds. Punjab means the "land of five waters": the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. 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