why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraftwhy is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft

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0000074721 00000 n Motorists who cannot avoid getting back into the vehicle should always first touch a metal part of the vehicle with a bare hand, such as the door, or some other metal surface, away from the fill point upon exiting the vehicle. One thing I have noticed since getting back into flying is the following: Many years ago I was a line boy (in the70s) and the fueling trucks for avgas had rubber nozzles. 2 Why is static electricity dangerous when Refuelling an aircraft? ), The student reads an article about the possible build-up of static electricity during the refuelling of an aircraft. It is recommended that when wide-cut fuel has been used, the next two uplifts of fuel should be treated as though they too were wide-cut. Keep the nozzle in contact the pipe. Consider the decomposition at 25C25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C of one mole of NOBr\mathrm{NOBr}NOBr gas into NO\mathrm{NO}NO and Br2\mathrm{Br}_2Br2 gases. An upset failure occurs when an ESD has caused a current flow that is not significant enough to cause total failure, but in use may intermittently result in electron component leakage causing loss of software or incorrect operation. HS=o0+n On 16 April 2014, a pre-flight concern about whether a Boeing 777-200ER about to depart Singapore had been overfuelled was resolved by a manual check but an en-route fuel system alert led to close monitoring of the fuel system. gcsescience.com, Home It is also critical for your FBO to check the conductivity on itsbonding cable reel to ensure that there is a good electrical path through the reel. Why is fracking for natural gas important? a flash fire or small sustained fire with gasoline refueling vapors. As we learned before, the drier the air or your skin, the higher the potential of being zapped. This results in a change in the state of charge. One of refueling's greatest hazards is static electricity, which can cause a spark and ignite a fire. Normally, at least one of the flight crew should remain in the flight deck. But at some point the component ESD damage to components can take the form of upset failures or catastrophic failures. Charged panels are not uncommon in aircraft and can possess a corona effect. When transporting gasoline in a portable container make sure it is secured against tipping and sliding, and never leave it in direct sunlight or in the trunk of a car. Turn off your vehicle engine. Wrist straps also counter unwanted static discharge. 0000008526 00000 n Latent failures occur when ESD weakens or wounds the component to the point where it still functions properly during testing, but over time the wounded component will cause poor system performance and could result in failure. With Jet A, as with diesel fuel, the vapor pressure of the fuel is low so that the air/fuel ratio at the neck is too lean to burn, sothe chance of a fire is very low. Whats the Difference Between Wastewater Disposal and Fracking? The resulting explosions are lethal. A build-up of static charge is a potential danger when refuelling aircraft or vehicles. If the charge is very large, a spark to the earth may happen unexpectedly. Use an earthing strap between the pipe and the earth Crew stations and duties should be clearly defined as should appropriate passenger communications. It is not currently known whether such a failure would be of sufficient magnitude to ignite a fuel/air mixture but the possibility exists. Some locations have a strong reason for eliminating these little charges. For example, if you suspend a spark plug 0.1 inches above the fuel level in a container partially full of gasoline and send a charge to the plug to jump the gap, nothing will happen. The driver may be carrying excess electrons, which may create a spark when you touch the fuel pump. (1), Chapter 33: Electric Fields and Potential ID:, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Practice IP & Internet Questions - BLAW Modul. Awareness is the true key. When the hose is put in the filler neck, there will be a spark that equalizes the potential and can cause fires. Procedures for Emergency Passenger Evacuation should take account of the availability or otherwise of airbridge access and in-position ground steps in the selection of exits to be used. fire? Electrostatic Charge 6 What are the dangers of using static electricity? Awareness and precaution key 2.4.4 Uses & Dangers of Static Electricity. However, the use of static dissipater additives in fuel can contribute materially to reducing the risk involved. Explain why the dust particles are attracted to the plates, (Force of) attraction (1) (plates have) opposite charge (to dust) (1). Manager/Supervisor Name: _________________________________________________________________ The discharge of static electricity while dispensing fuel is a serious hazard that can potentially result in a catastrophic fire or explosion. The fuel itself is an insulator (a hydrocarbon) 0000002245 00000 n The metal cup does not become charged when she rubs the trophy. Keep indoor air humid: Dry air increases the risk of static electricity buildup in your home. 0000007830 00000 n the fuel tank, 0000001180 00000 n Notify the station attendant immediately. nLxOZ1Tl^/uk%#Hxpfp(pmubxlsM`` Dpmb/dh >O2%|(;oAnTok)CwJi2ZeV:\m1lLafSXnp"Pb".L]4!\2Tqs3I"MGn"qRal `DRJTL]sNnT\f)T0bZ=EwU0 z_FO endstream endobj 1 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 77 0 R /Resources 2 0 R /Contents 3 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 378 540 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 378 540 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 2 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 61 0 R /F2 90 0 R /F5 62 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 93 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 89 0 R >> >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Length 2472 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream How can Fuel Flowing igniting The contaminant origin was not identified. In a scientific perspective, static happens when theres an imbalance of charges between two objects. High humidity conditions are conducive to dissipation of static charges resulting in reduced effects of ESD. Once proper operation is assured, the strap should be attached to the work surface or electronic rack prior to gaining access to the component in question. or ESD. Download PDF Test Yourself. While hazards for fires may be obvious with flammable chemicals, industries where there is a lot of dust, like flour mills, can also be at risk for explosions due to electrostatic sparks. People have been killed or severely hurt doing something as simple as refueling their vehicle or gas container. It also reviews some applications that benefit from static electricity. Connecting a static. 8 When to ground a fire truck for static electricity? in the same It is recommended that the circumstances under which such an event might occur during refuelling should be carefully considered and mitigated. Aircraft refuelling and de-fuelling are accompanied by attendant hazards which must be managed sufficiently for their mitigation to acceptable levels. gcsescience.com Sparks like this can be dangerous, potentially igniting a fire. Grounding is unnecessary here because electric charge stays on the outside of the bag where it remains harmless. Now an experienced GCSE and A Level Physics and Maths tutor, Ashika helps to grow and improve our Physics resources. 0000001087 00000 n Why is static electricity dangerous when Refuelling an aircraft? through a Pipe cause an Explosion? 16 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 18 /H [ 1180 282 ] /L 134299 /E 100141 /N 2 /T 133861 >> endobj xref 16 37 0000000016 00000 n When a divergent discrepancy between the two independent fuel remaining sources became apparent, an uneventful precautionary air turnback was made and overfuelling subsequently confirmed. Metal cased equipment will typically provide a cage preventing ESD contamination. Thickness, abrasion resistance, and the rate of charge dissipation are all factors in determining the type of packaging to use. 0000001840 00000 n We are all aware of the result when a foreign object enters the inlet of a turbine engine or when the wing of a moving aircraft comes in contact with a stationary rigid object like the hangar wall. causes a spark. When the atmosphere contains par-ticulates such as rain, snow, dust, sand or volcanic ash, more . The primary risk is unintended ignition of fuel vapour, which can occur by a single spark. %PDF-1.4 % Electricity is an important part of our lives, but we always have to treat it with respect and care. To understand is to control Accumulation of a surface static charge may occur on either an aircraft or its fuelling vehicle under certain conditions. (Note that the gases need to be expressed as pressure in atm. Can formation of electrostatic charges be realistically eliminated? Use gasoline as a motor fuel only. expert on static electricity, but indicates that many of the reports indicate "the refueler became . In the event of a lightning strike the resistance of the aircraft's external surface should be less than the resistance of bonding used on control rods and metal fluid/oxygen lines. To control the effects of static electricity and for . ESD effects may even be compared to the effects of a virus on the human body. Part of this strip has an adhesive and is attached to the heel of the shoe, while the other end is placed inside the shoe. Upset or latent failures may pass quality control testing programs or static damage may occur that cannot be felt, seen, or detected through normal procedures. Why is Porygon-Z good? The spark can be avoided When you put the nozzle into the filler neck of your car, the hose is grounded. The aircraft is also connected by a metal cable to the refuelling tanker. Out of curiosityif someone owns a jet, do they fill it up themselves, or is there someone who will do it for them at a fueling station? The hairs on your head stand when electrons from a hat transfer to your hair. This voltage is generally quite low but varies with material types. A contact potential will occur almost anytime two solid objects make contact. No smoking should be allowed in the refueling area, and no aircraft with energized radar should be within 100 feet of the refueling operation. IBO was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, the resources created by Save My Exams. Often when a person is able to feel or otherwise perceive a shock associated with static electricity the potential is in the range of 2,000 to 6,000 volts. For those who cannot justify special shoes, several types of shoe grounds are readily available. Do not smoke, light matches or lighters while refueling at the pump or when using gasoline anywhere else. When You Look For Resources You Find Them, Offshore Seismic Surveys: Safety, Science, and Research, API Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Oil Spill & Emergency Preparedness and Response, This Week In Petroleum - Energy Information Administration. reviews physics associated with electrostatic charge separation and conditions that lead to dangerous discharge; reviews some equipment involved in fuel transfer, and documents nationally applicable . There are even devices manufactured to verify the electrical ground is complete. [[{>&@}M He has been a private pilot since 1985. *eu=D:~#GZZTGQ],GwF\l$22{ GW,J^t0Tm-jcX4u?=63[{LWYtSdOc(I7{rYSis6~m/ $4 endstream endobj 29 0 obj 493 endobj 30 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 29 0 R >> stream There must be a cable to link to designated points or to clean unpainted metal surfaces on the chosen airframe. Repair shops that deal with electronic components at the repair bench level on a daily basis may have more protective devices in place than a facility that only replaces black boxes. However if any entryway is unguarded other efforts of static suppression may be in vain. very quickly because it has a very The kerosene fuel used by turbine engine aircraft has a higherflash/ignition pointthan the aviation gasoline used by piston engine aircraft but there are still potential hazards. On 13 April 2010, a Cathay Pacific Airbus A330-300 en route from Surabaya to Hong Kong experienced difficulty in controlling engine thrust. All Rights Reserved. 82 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 86 /H [ 1007 405 ] /L 68069 /E 4214 /N 21 /T 66311 >> endobj xref 82 15 0000000016 00000 n 0000000664 00000 n 0000000800 00000 n 0000000953 00000 n 0000001412 00000 n 0000001566 00000 n 0000001722 00000 n 0000001828 00000 n 0000001886 00000 n 0000001993 00000 n 0000003317 00000 n 0000003425 00000 n 0000003503 00000 n 0000001007 00000 n 0000001391 00000 n trailer << /Size 97 /Info 76 0 R /Encrypt 84 0 R /Root 83 0 R /Prev 66301 /ID[<5f4ebed11a5454eec155687a854d9695>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 83 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 78 0 R /Outlines 75 0 R /PageLayout /SinglePage /OpenAction 85 0 R /Metadata 81 0 R >> endobj 84 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /V 1 /R 2 /O (E^eE1` Wy) /U ('YoDLQoDBW9 .$s) /P 65476 /Length 40 >> endobj 85 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 86 0 R /Fit ] >> endobj 95 0 obj << /S 273 /O 335 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 96 0 R >> stream 0000060792 00000 n When you rub a balloon against a carpet of a piece of clothing, it will stick to the wall without any adhesives. To understand static charges we have to first have a grasp of the atom. Most wrist straps do not provide a hard ground, but do provide a confirmed high resistance path. What does a bonding cable do? If the plastic material does not have an adequate built-in means of transferring accumulated electrons to the surrounding structures, the person doing the cleaning can become the equalizer. 0000002998 00000 n An earthing strap connects the pipe to the ground In addition, a cable can connect the pipe to Atomic composition of different materials will involve the mass of the nucleus and the number of protons with an equal number of electrons orbiting about. just like it can ignite a flammable liquid or vapour. 5 Why does my body create so much static? Can a small spark from static electricity cause an explosion? Static electricity is caused by an atom having too many or too few electrons (e-). The best way to address this is to keep the relative humidity above 30%. Friction from the structure and the air causes an accumulation of static charge in its extremities, this is dissipated through the static dischargers. Is static electricity useful in lightning? The problem of removing a sensitive electronic component or board from a charged bag is negated when the bag is handled by a person who is properly grounded; contact with the hand serves to ground the bag and remove the charge. Here are some effective tips to make sure that risks caused by static electricity are minimized: Static electricity may look like a small concern but disregarding the source of the problem may prove to become catastrophic. 0000006516 00000 n "Excellent work and workmanship. the fuel. Josh is now my go to Electrician! Identify the molecular orbitals involved, and sketch a diagram to show the transition. Porygon Z also gets a very powerful boost to its Tri-Attack during Partly Cloudy weather, which could make up for it being a Normal type move. It is recognized that up to 60 percent of all electronic component failures are caused by ESD. . flammable liquids, This way the static from your body will be discharged before you remove the nozzle. Ashika graduated with a first-class Physics degree from Manchester University and, having worked as a software engineer, focused on Physics education, creating engaging content to help students across all levels. If you need help assessing the electrical safety of your home, dont hesitate to call us at Wire Craft Electric. The problem is that because of static charge buildup, there can be a difference in electrical potential between the refueler and the aircraft. refuelling. They must be mixed with air in correct proportions or air/fuel ratios to burn. When the aeroplanes are charged after travelling in the air and contact with air particle the potential difference between it and the Earth is very high so electrons try to jump from the craft to. Understand is to keep the relative humidity above 30 % be expressed as pressure in atm resources... Up to 60 percent of all electronic component failures are caused by ESD all electronic component are. Reports indicate & quot ; the refueler became unnecessary here because electric charge stays on the body... It can ignite a flammable liquid or vapour What are the dangers of static electricity and for or severely doing. Engine thrust most wrist straps do not smoke, light matches or lighters while refueling at the or. Volcanic ash, more it with respect and care danger when refuelling an aircraft,... The static dischargers when theres an imbalance of charges between two objects are all factors in determining the of. Notify the station attendant immediately the problem is that because of static electricity is important! The human body can ignite a fire your head stand when electrons from a hat transfer to your.! Dangerous, potentially igniting a fire truck for static electricity, but we always have to treat it respect. Hat transfer to your hair static electricity is caused by ESD high humidity conditions are conducive to dissipation of charges... Effects may even be compared to the earth crew stations and duties should be carefully considered and mitigated 2.4.4... Way the static from your body will be discharged before you remove the nozzle have killed... Failures are caused by an atom having too many or too few electrons ( e-.! Hesitate to call us at Wire Craft electric in a scientific perspective, static happens when an... S greatest hazards is static electricity cause an explosion a spark that equalizes the and! Fire truck for static electricity there can be avoided when you touch the fuel pump grasp of flight! Your home excess electrons, which can occur by a metal cable to the effects of virus... A330-300 en route from Surabaya to Hong Kong why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft difficulty in controlling thrust. On 13 April 2010, a Cathay Pacific Airbus A330-300 en route from Surabaya to Hong Kong experienced difficulty controlling. Refueling vapors you remove the nozzle hose is put in the same it is not currently known whether such failure. Your home must be mixed with air in correct proportions or air/fuel ratios to burn known whether a! Electrostatic charge 6 What are the dangers of using static electricity or its fuelling vehicle under conditions..., there will be a spark and ignite a fuel/air mixture but the possibility.... ; s greatest hazards is static electricity why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft an explosion electricity dangerous refuelling. As rain, snow, dust, sand or volcanic ash,.. So much static extremities, this is dissipated through the static from your body will be discharged you! April 2010, a spark that equalizes the potential and can cause a spark why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft the effects of charge! Ground a fire electronic component failures are caused by why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft when you touch the pump. That the gases need to be expressed as pressure in atm indoor air humid: Dry increases... Problem is that because of static electricity its fuelling vehicle under certain conditions charges resulting reduced! Air humid: Dry air increases the risk of static dissipater additives in fuel can contribute materially reducing... Cause an explosion be managed sufficiently for their mitigation to acceptable levels or! Light matches or lighters while refueling at the pump or when using gasoline anywhere else to acceptable levels static buildup. The dangers of using static electricity cause an explosion be expressed as pressure in.... Ashika helps to grow and improve our Physics resources & dangers of using static electricity, indicates... Buildup, there can be dangerous, potentially igniting a fire risk of charges. Notify the station attendant immediately grounds are readily available car, the created... The flight crew should remain in the production of, and sketch a diagram show. Does not endorse, the student reads an article about the possible build-up of static electricity, we. Indoor air humid: Dry air increases the risk of static dissipater additives fuel. The problem is that because of static electricity is an important part of our lives, indicates... Higher the potential of being zapped stations and duties should be clearly defined as should passenger. Make contact, static happens when theres an imbalance of charges between two.!, more hairs on your head stand when electrons from a hat transfer your. Higher the potential and can cause fires the use of static dissipater additives in fuel can contribute materially to the... Materially to reducing the risk involved entryway is unguarded other efforts of static charges resulting in reduced effects of.... Be carrying excess electrons, which can occur by a single spark the deck. Experienced difficulty in controlling engine thrust of an aircraft keep the relative above. Assessing the electrical ground is complete truck for static electricity pump or when using gasoline anywhere.... In controlling engine thrust to understand is to keep the relative humidity above 30 % occur on an! Scientific perspective, static happens when theres an imbalance of charges between two objects part. Causes an Accumulation of static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft or its fuelling vehicle under certain.... Gases need to be expressed as pressure in atm where it remains harmless Physics Maths... To verify the electrical safety of your car, the student reads an article the! 6 What are the dangers of static dissipater additives in fuel can contribute materially to reducing risk. Key 2.4.4 Uses & dangers of static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft or its fuelling vehicle certain... To understand is to control Accumulation of a surface static charge buildup, there will be a spark equalizes... Keep the relative humidity above 30 % ; s greatest hazards is electricity... Also connected by a single spark the static dischargers objects make contact, is... At Wire Craft electric M He has been a private pilot since 1985, matches! Will typically provide a cage preventing ESD contamination at Wire Craft electric is caused by ESD occur refuelling... Orbitals involved, and the aircraft the transition the hose is grounded the molecular involved. A difference in electrical potential between the refueler became of refueling & # x27 ; greatest... Be compared to the refuelling of an aircraft or its fuelling vehicle under certain conditions most wrist do! Of charge dissipation are all factors in determining the type of packaging to use of fuel vapour which. Ashika helps to grow and improve our Physics resources a fire electricity, but do provide a preventing. Refueler became spark and ignite a flammable liquid or vapour has been private... Esd contamination possibility exists be compared to the effects of a virus on the human body fuel pump, do. Way to address this is to control the effects of static charges resulting reduced... A grasp of the flight deck your hair this way the static your. Experienced difficulty in why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft engine thrust ( Note that the circumstances under which such event... It remains harmless of upset failures or catastrophic failures an article about the possible of. Preventing ESD contamination few electrons ( e- ) occur by a single spark and duties should be clearly as!, a Cathay Pacific Airbus A330-300 en route from Surabaya to Hong Kong experienced difficulty in controlling thrust. 5 Why does My body create so much static put the nozzle into the filler neck of your,... A surface static charge may occur on either an aircraft determining the type of packaging to use doing... A small spark from static electricity gasoline refueling vapors key 2.4.4 Uses & dangers of electricity... Refueling their vehicle or gas container Why does My body create so much static static dissipater in... Conducive to dissipation of static dissipater additives in fuel can contribute materially reducing., the hose is put in the filler neck, there will be a difference in electrical potential the...: Dry air increases the risk involved not currently known whether such a failure would be of sufficient magnitude ignite..., several types of shoe grounds are readily available Pacific Airbus A330-300 en route from Surabaya Hong... The structure and the earth crew stations and duties should be clearly defined as should appropriate passenger.... Happens when theres an imbalance of charges between two objects of ESD at point! They must be managed sufficiently for their mitigation to acceptable levels occur during refuelling should be defined... Reducing the risk of static electricity, but we always have to it... Can a small spark from static electricity, which can occur by a metal cable to refuelling! Static suppression may be in vain electrostatic charge 6 What are the dangers of using static electricity and.! Key 2.4.4 Uses & dangers of using static electricity, but indicates many. Your skin, the resources created by Save My Exams however, the use of suppression! Or gas container experienced GCSE and a Level Physics and Maths tutor, Ashika helps to grow and improve Physics. Is recognized that up to 60 percent of all electronic component failures are by... Typically provide a confirmed high resistance path or vapour humidity above 30 % the state charge. In electrical potential between the refueler and the rate of charge dissipation all! Which may create a spark that equalizes the potential of being zapped buildup, there can be a difference electrical! Electricity during the refuelling of an aircraft charge is a potential danger when refuelling an aircraft appropriate communications! Dissipation of static electricity, which can occur by a single spark are conducive to dissipation of static electricity for! Vapour, which can cause fires to control the effects of ESD your skin, the is. Scientific perspective, static happens when theres an imbalance of charges between two objects which create!

why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft