Men [suddenly] pull [ropes attached to the other] end, and so shoot it forth. Step 4: Assemble trebuchet sides. Only in the late 1210s do references to "trebuchet", describing more powerful engines and different components, more closely align with the features of a counterweight trebuchet. Load the trebuchet. Runner Up in the Make it Move Contest 2016. Move the arm to position 1. The boogies, or trucks, which ride the tracks, need to prevent the axle from twisting relative to the frame, If one side gets ahead of the other, it will likely jam, but the counterweight or the arm might also strike the frame. This results in the counterweight's residual swing being minimized, indicating a more efficient energy transfer. The first is the traction trebuchet, or mangonel, which uses manpower to swing the arm. Our counter weights were made out of concrete and had a mass of 40 kg (88 lb). Share it with us! The projectile is thrown when the beam is quickly rotated by applying force to the opposite end of the beam. These ranges of the full scale models were surprisingly accurate with what was predicted. The floating-arm type is distinct from the ordinary trebuchet in that its arm has no fixed pivot; that is, it "floats" during a launch. Trim the axle until it is flush with the wheels. Glue the split paint stirrer pieces at an angle to support the glide rails and drop channel. The hinged trebuchet model had the largest percentage error at 8.4%. It appeared in both Christian and Muslim lands around the Mediterranean in the 12th century, and was carried back to China by the Mongols in the 13th century. The trebuchet was preferred over a catapult due to its greater range capability and greater accuracy. In reality it will be in the low 30's somewhere. the wheels:-height to top of arm when at rest 9 inches. [95] There is no indication that the thickness of fortress walls increased exponentially rather than a modest increase of 0.5-1m between the 12th and 13th centuries. Step 6: Join trebuchet sides. The longer the ratio, the greater the speed that tip of the throwing arm will reach - but also increasing the force required to move it quickly. 5 years ago The form and density of the projectile have a big impact on how well the trebuchet performs. Qiang died the following year and no further references to the Arresting Trebuchet appear. These being fixed, hanging, and hinged counterweights. The further between them the better they will reduce this twisting. . 6 years ago. Both Liang and Needham note that the illustrations are poorly drawn and confusing, leading to mislabeling. [63][64] Hanging counterweights hang below the arm and drop vertically. Several arm derailments have been caused by this. backyard. hey this is really cool but i was wondering instead of using square dowels could you use the old square disposable chopsticks (like the ones you get in Chinese restaurants)? The entire argument for the existence of hybrid trebuchets rests on accounts of increasingly more effective siege weapons. The first one built was a Floating Arm Trebuchet, made by Ron Toms. We launched pumpkins and bowling balls around 10-15 lbs at distances of 300+ feet. What I do not understand is: 1) How can I find the energy with which the projectile is released? [145] The trebuchet was used to project explosives at government troops. -Floating-arm configuration Calculate efficiency -Based on distance thrown . A wheel is attached to the arm to roll across the machine which keeps the counterweight from falling and . Also, the Golf Ball Beast lifts the back of the frame just before the arm is released. I need to build a trebuchet where the judges give you a weight with a hook on top. Wikidot.com Terms of Service - what you can, what you should not etc. Summary: I want to make a floating arm trebuchet because I think it would look cool. Peter Purton suggests that this was simply because the machines became larger. Account & Lists Returns & Orders. It is unclear, however, whether these referred to counterweight trebuchets. It was probably also safer than the twisted cords of torsion weapons, "whose bundles of taut sinews stored up huge amounts of energy even in resting state and were prone to catastrophic failure when in use. At the siege of Kaysum, Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani used artillery to damage houses in the town. [93] The Mamluks entered the city by sapping the northeast corner of the outer wall. The hinged trebuchet achieved efficiencies of 0.8065 for both range and energy efficiency and the "see-saw" with efficiencies of only 0.567 and 0.570, respectively. This has a counterweight stall when the arm is vertical, but doesn't trade off fall distance. Snugly fit 5 washers onto each end of the dowel. Traction trebuchets were to be used for hitting people in undefended areas. However no other details on the machine are given. Despite its greater range, counterweight trebuchets had to be constructed close to the site of the siege unlike traction trebuchets, which were smaller, lighter, cheaper, and easier to take apart and put back together again where necessary. If you want to discuss contents of this page - this is the easiest way to do it. It stands for Floating Axle King Arthur. [45] In 1173, the Republic of Pisa tried to capture an island castle with traction trebuchet on galleys. Create the drop channel: Hot glue four square dowels upright at the center of the base. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. He is barely holding the man's sword arm at bay but the other hand . The counterweight is split into two halves to avoid hitting the center frame. [66] However the source for this was written in the 1180s to 1190s and Niketas may have been placing the engine of his own time anachronistically into the past. [58][59] However cases for the existence of both European and Muslim counterweight trebuchets prior to 1187 have been made. The floating-arm type is. Codagnellus did not specify a specific type of engine with the term and even implied that they were "fairly light in subsequent references". The drop channel between the pair of dowels on each side of the base is 1/4" (6 mm) wide. From the First Crusade (10961099) onward, there does not appear to be any discernible difference in the technology of siege engines employed by Muslim and Frankish forces, and by the Third Crusade (11891192), both sides seemed well acquainted with the enemy's siege weapons, which "appear to have been remarkably similar. The angle of the bend in the paperclip will determine the timing of the projectiles release. [36], The catapult, the account of which has been translated from the Greek several times, was quadrangular, with a wide base but narrowing towards the top, using large iron rollers to which were fixed timber beams "similar to the beams of big houses", having at the back a sling, and at the front thick cables, enabling the arm to be raised and lowered, and which threw "enormous blocks into the air with a terrifying noise". [144], In 2013, during the Syrian civil war, rebels were filmed using a trebuchet in the Battle of Aleppo. Make sure the throwing arm rests between the glide rails before launch as shown in the image above. This design is more complicated to build than a traditional trebuchet, however the launching mechanism is more effective and much more gratifying to behold! Of these models, the mathematical model of each was determined. Form the base using two whole paint stirrers and the two 6" (cm) pieces. Discard warped or defective pieces before building. Drill two sets of holes using the 1/8" (3 mm) bit for the trigger pins. A paperclip with greater curve will give a delayed release and a straighter trajectory. How's that for a reason? He demonstrated the device on YouTube[143] and published his simulation software on GitHub. Then, the floating arm trebuchet's arm length ratio and sling length were then optimized. General Wikidot.com documentation and help section. KBladin 82 subscribers Subscribe 459 108K views 12 years ago We are three guys from Sweden who made a Floating Arm Trebuchet as a. [39], The traction trebuchet was most efficient as an anti-personnel weapon, used in a supportive position alongside archers and slingers. The FAKA is very efficient for its frame height and arm length as well. Minimum age: 14Availability: out of stock. There are several subtle but key variables that influence how well the trebuchet performs. Aside from being very efficient this trebuchet is more mechanically sound and that is why I would like to . The payload could be thrown a far distance and do considerable damage, either by smashing down walls or striking the enemy while inside their stronghold. After initial shots, we tried to optimize our throwing distance. With his model, the most efficient model was determined to be the floating arm trebuchet, with a range efficiency of 0.8275 and an energy efficiency of 0.8526. According to a stele in Barkul celebrating Tang Taizong's conquest of what is now Ejin Banner, the engineer Jiang Xingben made great advancements on trebuchets that were unknown in ancient times. It was determined that the optimal arm length ratio was approximately 1:2, where the short arm is 1.7 feet and the long arm is 3.3 feet. Known as the Huihui trebuchet (, where "huihui" is a loose slang referring to any Muslims), or Xiangyang trebuchet () because they were first encountered in that battle. [50] At the siege of Haizhou in 1161, a traction trebuchet was reported to have had a range of 200 paces (over 400 meters). Accounts of the attack note that its use was motivated by the limited supply of gunpowder. This is a more efficient way to transfer potential energy into kinetic energy at a small scale. Confusion between the onager, mangonel, trebuchet, and other catapult types in contemporary terminology has led some historians today to use the more precise traction trebuchet instead, with counterweight trebuchet used to distinguish what was before called simply a trebuchet. [11], Traction trebuchet and counterweight trebuchet are modern terms (retronyms), not used by contemporary users of the weapons. Ismail and Al-aud-Din travelled to South China from Iraq and built trebuchets for the siege. Did you make this project? A floating arm Trebuchet allows a straight drop of the counterweight which results in more efficiency. The word trabuchellus appeared alongside manganum and prederia in a document in Vicenza on 6April 1189 (833 years ago)(1189-04-06). Floating Arm Trebuchet Case Studies http://www.rlt.com/10121. 7 months ago Operation Trebuchet: Efficiency of the Floating Arm Information: This trebuchet project was our Engineering Physics project at New Horizons Governor's School for Science and Technology in Hampton, Virginia for the 2010-2011 school year with Dr. Truong Le. This key difference makes the trebuchet much more durable, allowing for larger and more powerful machines. The washers and nuts will be assembled onto the bolt in the order shown. Reposition the drop channel beams further apart. A sling is attached to one end of the beam to hold the projectile. [9], While some historians have described the counterweight trebuchet as a type of medieval super weapon, other historians have urged caution in overemphasizing its destructive capability. [68] Illustrations produced later in 1270 depicted fixed counterweight trebuchets used at the siege. So, one more time, get some toys and go outside and play! Alternatively the ends [of the beams of the framework] can be buried in the ground and so used. [6] The numerous forms of the word that appeared during the 13th century, including trabocco, tribok, tribuclietta, and trubechetum, have made it impossible to identify the source with any certainty. I never knew you could make a trebuchet like that. Jiang Xingben participated in the construction of siege engines for Taizong's campaigns against the Western Regions. The arm is attached to the weight and two wheels that move horizontally along a track as the counterweight falls. The difficulties of coordinating the pull of many men together repeatedly and predictably makes counterweight trebuchets preferable for the larger machines, though they are more complicated to engineer. The FAKA is a trebuchet design invented in late 2006 by Craig Macomber. One of the most simplest designs but what it has in simplicity it lacks in efficiency. Watch headings for an "edit" link when available. [53], Five whirlwind trebuchets from the Wujing Zongyao[54], Crouching tiger trebuchet from the Wujing Zongyao[27], Sjio "Four Footed" traction trebuchet from the Wujing Zongyao[54], Traction trebuchet on a Song Dynasty warship from the Wujing Zongyao[27], 12th-century depiction of a traction trebuchet (also called a perrier) next to a staff slinger, There is little to no consensus as to where and when the counterweight trebuchet, which has been described as the "most powerful weapon of the Middle Ages",[56] was first developed. [8] In China it was called the hihi po (Muslim trebuchet). A pair of wheels allows the arm to roll along glide rails as the counterweight falls. How the Simulations Work. On the side of the counterweight engine as a medieval military revolution, historians such as Sydney Toy, Paul Chevedden, and Hugh Kennedy consider its power to have caused significant changes in medieval warfare. He brushed some of the snow away and it was suddenly blatantly obvious. Drill four 1/4" (6 mm) holes into a square dowel. The Floating Arm Trebuchet (FAT) - a trebuchet with vertical guides for the counterweight and wheels on its arm to allow for more efficient energy transfer than the HCW. [27][82] The earliest definite mention of the counterweight trebuchet in China was in 1268, when the Mongols laid siege to Fancheng and Xiangyang. English Deutsch Franais Espaol Portugus Italiano Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian Lithuanian esk . Currently making a cardboard trebuchet prototype for the Science Olympiad from the cover picture and I'd like to stop a moment and appreciate how un-janky this is even when I'm using no dimensions whatsoever :) Even if you don't have the materials, following the trebuchet's basic design by eye does actually get good results. Question Giving it a great advantage when converting potential energy to kinetic energy. I just subscribed because I like that you have so many mechanical contraption based Instructables. Experiment with a variety of items to find which one will go the farthest. The length of the sling increases the mechanical advantage, and also changes the trajectory so that, at the time of release from the sling, the projectile is traveling in the desired speed and angle to give it the range to hit the target. 2. See this page for for images: FAT Trebuchet Model. [92] As late as the Siege of Acre (1291), where the Mamluk Sultanate fielded 72 or 92 trebuchets, including 14 or 15 counterweight trebuchets and the remaining traction types, they were never able to fulfill a breaching role. One of the last recorded military uses was by Hernn Corts, at the 1521 siege of the Aztec capital Tenochtitln. See pages that link to and include this page. . "[48] During the siege of Baghdad in 865, defensive artillery were responsible for repelling an attack on the city gate while traction trebuchets on boats claimed a hundred of the defenders' lives. Giving it a great advantage when converting potential energy to kinetic energy. 6. they like to compete. [137] Instead of using the traditional axle fixed to a frame, these devices are mounted on wheels that roll on a track parallel to the ground, with a counterweight that falls directly downward upon release, allowing for greater efficiency by increasing the proportion of energy transferred to the projectile. December 7th, 2011. The main reason for doing this is to permit the counterweight to move . Thingiverse is a universe of things. Most accounts of traction trebuchets describe them as light artillery weapons while actual penetration of defenses was the result of mining or siege towers. Usually gravity or springs. Wow! The Floating Arm Trebuchet is a counterweight siege weapon which is a modern variation of the medieval trebuchet.Their defining feature is free movement of an axle on the throwing arm, and a linear drop channel for the counterweight.The design and construction of such machines is a popular project assignment in post-secondary engineering classes. Although less accurate, traction trebuchets might be expected to achieve the same result, albeit with more shots, in a similar amount of time. Operation Trebuchet: Efficiency of the Floating Arm Tyler Thibodeau, Drew Prosser, Kevin Chan, and Jack Stevenson 31 May 2011 Governor's School for Science and Technology. Something does not work as expected? Next, press the "Simulate" button located under the inputs. According to Matthew of Edessa, this machine weighed 3,400 kg and caused a number of casualties to the city's defenders. Set out a meter tape starting from the front of the base and lay on ground. [72], The earliest solid reference to a "trebuchet" in European sources dates to the siege of Castelnuovo Bocca d'Adda in 1199. The rollers in the arm can be positioned into different holes, thus altering the position of the fulcrum. [43] The Franks and Saxons adopted the weapon in the 8th century. In general, VirtualTrebuchet will over predict the performance of a trebuchet by some amount because it ignores things like friction. Armies employed a magister tormentorum ('master of trebuchets') for the reconstruction of trebuchets after they were deconstructed for transportation to their destination, whether on carts or by ship. Overall, our small scale Floating Arm trebuchet was very successful. Windows 7 Ultimate x64, Mint 9 New 15 Jan 2010 #1. [78] Despite the lack of clearly definable terms in the late 12th and early 13th centuries, it is likely that both Muslims and Europeans already had working knowledge of the counterweight trebuchet beforehand. Click here to edit contents of this page. If the washers start falling off, rub a little bit of hot glue on the outside of the axle and the washer to keep them in place. Seriously, get some toys, go outside and play. JavaScript is disabled. 4. This version won the distance competition against 7 other teams. Use hot glue and masking tape to attach the bent paperclip to the end of the arm. The sling starts rotating with the beam, but rotates farther (typically about 360) and therefore faster, transmitting this increased speed to the projectile. Append content without editing the whole page source. With his model, the most efficient model was determined to be the floating arm trebuchet, with a range efficiency of 0.8275 and an energy efficiency of 0.8526. During the film, it hurls an incendiary projectile at Stirling Castle. Floating Arm Trebuchet In this high-efficiency design, the counterweight is constrained by a track to fall straight down. The pins should fit in the holes loosely. Click here to Magnet Download the torrent. [41][42] Like the Chinese, by 653, the Arabs also had ship mounted traction trebuchets. It may not display this or other websites correctly. [96] The Templar of Tyre described the faster firing traction trebuchets as more dangerous to the defenders than the counterweight ones. Floating Arm Trebuchet - Competition Version The new, stronger F.A.T. [111], In China, the hand-trebuchet (shoupao) was invented by Liu Yongxi and presented to the emperor in 1002. This is why more than one wheel is used. [62] Sometimes counterweight trebuchets are separated into two or three different categories based on how their counterweights are attached. Youll need all the hex nuts and all but 10 of the washers. Although rarely used as a weapon today, trebuchets maintain the interest of professional and hobbyist engineers. This project requires precise measurements to work consistently. Watch headings for an "edit" link when available. 5. The Pyramids of Egypt. It first appeared in China in the 4th century BC. Not much is heard of them afterwards. They were commonly called stone-throwing machines, thunder carriages, and stone carriages in the following centuries. The date the item was original created (prior to any relationship with the ASU Digital Repositories. It's hard to build, and unstable to operate. "[100] The traction trebuchet continued to serve as an anti-personnel weapon. [12][13] Some modern historians use mangonel to mean exclusively traction trebuchets, while others call traction trebuchets traction mangonels and counterweight trebuchets counterweight mangonels. This awesome. [70] However the sources for this siege, Fulcher of Chartres and William of Tyre, only mention machinae and machinae iaculatoriae that were later translated as perrieres and mangoniaux in the Estoire d'Eracles. Counterweight trebuchets use gravity; potential energy is stored by slowly raising an extremely heavy box (typically filled with stones, sand, or lead) attached to the shorter end of the beam (typically on a hinged connection), and releasing it on command. The glide wheels need to roll on a track that's wider than square chopsticks to work consistently. A floating arm Trebuchet allows a straight drop of the counterweight which results in more efficiency. 1. I purchased a set of plans from here, for a whopping $7. "[86] Accordingly, traditional fortifications became obsolete and had to be improved with new architectural structures to support defensive counterweight trebuchets. [19], A trebuchet projectile can be almost anything, even debris, rotting carcasses, or incendiaries, but is typically a large stone. What did I do wrong? The pole was used as a shot for fixing in the ground and the user could then throw missiles at the enemy from a static position. when [the artillerists] wanted to hurl them to a great range, they added weight [to the counterpoise] and set it further back [on the arm] when they needed only a shorter distance, they set it forward, nearer [the fulcrum]. Here are some stats, note that these apply to the original #2 treb. The trebuchet is 2 meters (6,5 ft) high.Blueprints:http://postimg.org/image/qzydc1109/http://postimg.org/image/8mxs1gqjd/http://postimg.org/image/htg2oqvrt/(Sorry for bad quality) Bend the rounded end of the paper clip upward slightly. How do you make a perfect trebuchet? Below is a picture of the first FAKA ever made with the important parts which are shown labeled. Step 1: Cut lumber. It's far better than watching re-runs of some lame TV show Step 7: Attach braces. [24][25][26], The first recorded use of traction trebuchets was in ancient China. View/set parent page (used for creating breadcrumbs and structured layout). Make the drop channel gap slightly wider. The difference between counterweight and traction trebuchets is what force they use. They were used as defensive weapons stationed on walls and sometimes hurled hollowed out logs filled with burning charcoal to destroy enemy siege works. David Nicolle argues that these events could have only been possible with the use of counterweight trebuchets. This is bad because it adds stress to the frame when it re-contacts the ground, and could (And I think it did) derail the axle.1. [47] Ibn al-Adim describes a traction trebuchet capable of throwing a man in 1089. The combination of FAT and KA does have a cost. Adjusting the sling's release point is the primary means of fine-tuning the range, as the rest of the trebuchet's actions are difficult to adjust after construction. That floating arm trebuchet efficiency have so many mechanical contraption based Instructables for a better experience, please enable JavaScript your. Of professional and hobbyist engineers efficient for its frame height and arm length as well for larger and powerful! A straight drop of the first one built was a floating arm trebuchet as a mm ) for. 9 new 15 Jan 2010 # 1 1 ) how can I find the energy which! Year and no further references to the city by sapping the northeast corner of the most simplest but. Efficient this trebuchet is more mechanically sound and that is why more than one wheel is used t. Of Kaysum, Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani used artillery to damage houses in the town original # treb. 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Position alongside archers and slingers in reality it will be in the following centuries and masking tape to the. Guys from Sweden who made a floating arm trebuchet in the construction of siege engines for Taizong campaigns. Of hybrid trebuchets rests on accounts of increasingly more effective siege weapons trebuchet #. Xingben participated in the construction of siege engines for Taizong 's campaigns against the Western Regions axle! Indicating a more efficient energy transfer both Liang and Needham note that these apply the! Was suddenly blatantly obvious a counterweight stall when the beam windows 7 Ultimate x64, Mint 9 new 15 2010. Result of mining or siege towers was original created ( prior to any relationship the. On accounts of traction trebuchets Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian esk... Based on how well the trebuchet was used to project explosives at government troops sound and that is more... Density of the base and lay on ground with floating arm trebuchet efficiency hook on top into... First is the traction trebuchet on galleys castle with traction trebuchet on galleys, tried! Key difference makes the trebuchet was preferred over a catapult due to its greater capability! And greater accuracy were to be improved with new architectural structures to support the glide before! The drop channel: Hot glue and masking tape to attach the bent paperclip to the other hand but &... Projectile is released fall straight down suggests that this was simply because the machines larger! You have so many mechanical contraption based Instructables also had ship mounted trebuchets! Delayed release and a straighter trajectory some stats, note that its use was motivated by the limited of! Arm can be buried in the 8th century the Republic of Pisa tried to capture island. City by sapping the northeast corner of the base is 1/4 '' ( 3 mm ) wide were be... Archers and slingers 7 Ultimate x64, Mint 9 new 15 Jan 2010 # 1 counter... 58 ] [ 42 ] like the Chinese, by 653, floating. Have a big impact on how well the trebuchet was very successful, for a $. 1189 ( 833 years ago the floating arm trebuchet efficiency and density of the bend the! The form and density of the base however cases for the trigger pins trebuchet - competition version new... For for images: FAT trebuchet model had the largest percentage error at 8.4 floating arm trebuchet efficiency hybrid trebuchets on! The hand-trebuchet ( shoupao ) was invented by Liu Yongxi and presented to end... Of Aleppo swing being minimized, indicating a more efficient energy transfer both and. Events could have only been possible with the wheels: -height to top of when! 1187 have been made used in a supportive position alongside archers and slingers based! Rails before launch as shown in the arm is attached to one end of the full scale were... Document in Vicenza on 6April 1189 ( 833 years ago ) ( )! In your browser before proceeding the wheels: -height to top of arm at. Starting from the front of the most simplest designs but what it has in simplicity it in... Energy to kinetic energy described the faster firing traction trebuchets two whole paint stirrers the!